Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to prohibit persons who are not citizens, nationals, or lawful permanent residents of the United States from voting in elections.

# Summary of HJRES 31 **What the Bill Would Do** This proposed constitutional amendment would explicitly prohibit non-citizens from voting in any U.S. elections—federal, state, local, tribal, and territorial. Currently, federal law already bars non-citizens from voting in federal elections, but this amendment would enshrine the restriction in the Constitution itself and extend it comprehensively to all election levels nationwide, including state and local races. **Who It Affects and Current Status** The amendment would primarily affect non-citizen immigrants and nationals living in the United States. Currently, the bill is in committee and has not advanced further in the legislative process.

Note that very few non-citizens vote in U.S. elections today; this amendment would codify existing practice rather than create a new restriction. **Key Provision** The amendment specifically protects voting rights for U.S. citizens, nationals, and lawful permanent residents (green card holders), while prohibiting all others from voting at any level of government.