FARMLAND Act of 2025
FARMLAND Act of 2025
Plain Language Summary
# FARMLAND Act of 2025 Summary **What It Does:** The FARMLAND Act would give the federal government stronger control over foreign purchases of American agricultural land and related resources. Specifically, it would expand a government committee called CFIUS (Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States) to review and potentially block foreign purchases of farmland, energy extraction sites, and land containing materials critical to technology and defense industries when those transactions exceed $5 million or involve 320+ acres over three years. The bill also adds the Secretary of Agriculture and the Food and Drug Administration Commissioner to CFIUS's decision-making authority. **Who It Affects:** Foreign investors and companies interested in buying American agricultural property, energy extraction land, or land with critical materials would face new federal scrutiny.
Domestic farmers and landowners could see changes in the agricultural land market as a result. **Current Status:** The bill was introduced by Representative Randy Feenstra (R-Iowa) and is currently in committee, meaning it hasn't been debated or voted on by the full House yet. No action has been taken to advance it.
CRS Official Summary
Foreign Agricultural Restrictions to Maintain Local Agriculture and National Defense Act of 2025 or the FARMLAND Act of 2025This bill expands federal authority and oversight over foreign investments in the U.S. agricultural industry.The bill expands the authority of the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) to include the review of land transactions (involving foreign entities) that exceed $5 million or 320 acres of land over the preceding three years. This applies to land that is primarily used for agriculture, the extraction of energy sources, or the extraction of critical precursor materials for biological technology industries, information technology components, or national defense technologies. Further, the bill adds the Secretary of Agriculture and the Commissioner of Food and Drugs to CFIUS membership. As background, CFIUS is an interagency committee that oversees the national security risks of certain foreign direct investment in the U.S. economy, including by reviewing certain real estate transactions.Further, the bill expands enforcement of the Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act (AFIDA). The Department of Agriculture (USDA) must appoint a Chief of Operations of Investigative Actions to (1) monitor AFIDA compliance, and (2) conduct investigations on efforts to steal agricultural knowledge and technology and to disrupt the U.S. agricultural base.The bill prohibits foreign persons who own or operate land from participating in Farm Service Agency programs and establishes penalties for violators.The bill also requires USDA and the Department of Homeland Security to jointly develop a database of agricultural land owned by foreign persons.
Latest Action
Referred to the Subcommittee on Nutrition and Foreign Agriculture.