Restricting First Use of Nuclear Weapons Act of 2025

# Summary of the Restricting First Use of Nuclear Weapons Act of 2025 **What the Bill Would Do** This bill would require Congress to explicitly approve any first nuclear strike by the United States before federal money could be spent on such an attack. A "first-use" strike means launching nuclear weapons against an enemy without that enemy having already used nuclear weapons against the U.S., its territories, or allied nations. Currently, the president has significant authority over nuclear weapons decisions. This bill would shift that power by mandating congressional approval through a formal declaration of war before a first strike could occur. **Who It Affects and Key Provisions** The bill primarily affects the executive branch (the president) and Congress, as it reallocates decision-making power over nuclear weapons.

It also has implications for military operations and America's nuclear strategy more broadly. The key provision is straightforward: no federal funds can be used for a first-use nuclear strike without an explicit act of Congress declaring war first. This is a significant limitation on presidential powers during military crises. **Current Status** The bill was introduced by Senator Edward Markey (D-MA) and is currently in committee, meaning it has not yet been debated or voted on by the full Senate.