A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against the Islamic Republic of Iran that have not been authorized by Congress.

# Summary of SJRES 104 **What the Bill Would Do** This joint resolution would require the President to withdraw U.S. Armed Forces from any military conflicts with Iran unless Congress has formally authorized such action through either a declaration of war or a specific authorization to use military force. In other words, it would prevent military hostilities against Iran from occurring without explicit congressional approval. The bill includes an exception allowing the U.S. military to defend against direct attacks on Americans or U.S.

facilities. **Who It Affects and Key Provisions** The bill primarily affects the executive branch's ability to conduct military operations and the President's war-making authority. It reinforces the principle that Congress—not the President alone—has the constitutional power to authorize military action. The exception for defensive operations means the military could still respond immediately to attacks without waiting for Congress to convene, but any sustained or offensive military campaign would require legislative approval. **Current Status** The bill is currently in committee and has not yet been voted on by the full House or Senate. It was introduced by Senator Tim Kaine (D-VA) during the 119th Congress. Like many congressional resolutions, it faces an uncertain path forward and would need support from both chambers to become law, as well as the President's signature (or veto override by Congress).