A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against the Islamic Republic of Iran that have not been authorized by Congress.

# Summary of SJRES 123 **What It Would Do** This bill would require the U.S. military to stop any military operations against Iran that Congress hasn't formally approved. Essentially, it asserts that the President cannot engage in hostilities with Iran without getting Congressional authorization first. If passed, any unauthorized military activities would need to end within a set timeframe. **Who It Affects** The bill primarily affects the President's military authority and U.S. armed forces personnel.

It could also impact U.S. foreign policy toward Iran and the balance of power between the executive and legislative branches of government. **Current Status** The bill is currently in committee, meaning it's in the early stages of consideration and hasn't been voted on by the full Congress yet. It was introduced by Senator Tammy Duckworth (D-IL). The bill reflects ongoing debate about whether presidents need explicit Congressional approval before initiating military actions, a constitutional question that has been contested throughout U.S. history.