A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities against the Islamic Republic of Iran that have not been authorized by Congress.

# Summary of SJRES 59 **What the Bill Does** This bill would require the President to stop any U.S. military operations against Iran unless Congress first approves them through either a formal declaration of war or a specific authorization to use military force. Essentially, it asserts that the President cannot engage in military hostilities against Iran without getting Congress's approval first. **Who It Affects and Key Details** The bill directly affects the President's military authority and applies to the U.S. Armed Forces' operations in the Middle East.

It's based on the constitutional principle that Congress—not the President alone—has the power to declare war. The bill would not affect military operations that have already been authorized by Congress. **Current Status** The bill was introduced by Senator Tim Kaine (D-VA) and is currently in committee, meaning it's in the early stages of the legislative process and has not yet been debated or voted on by the full Senate or House. Whether it advances depends on committee action and broader congressional support.